Notes to Irish Tunes & Songs


Irish music is a subset of the music traditions of the Celtic peoples (those people who originally spoke some variety of Gaelic). These traditions include Irish, Scottish, Manx, Cornish, Welsh, and Breton. Included in the Scottish group are songs and tunes from the Hebrides, Shetland and Northumberland which, while south of the Scottish border in England, is very much Scottish in its traditional music.
Because of the large number of Irish tunes and songs in this collection, I have put them into this separate section. Please consult the Celtic section for a more complete description of Celtic music. Some tunes in the Irish tradition are also well known in American tradition and I have left them in the Old Time Tunes category. ("Old Mother Flanagan" is a good example).

Type of dances common in Ireland are:
Jigs
There are 3 types of jig in use:
  the Single Jig in 6/8 featuring a quarter note-eighth note movement )"Kesh Jig" is a single jig)
  the Double Jig in 6/8 featuring all eighth notes ("Haste to the Wedding" is a double jig)
  the Slip (Hop) Jig in 9/8 featuring eighth note movement ("The Butterfly" is a slip jig)
Reels
The Reel is probably of Scottish origin and is often the favorite dance of traditional musicians. Although sometimes written in 4/4 it is played in 2/2 with 2 steady beats in each bar.
"Drowsy Maggie", "The Mason's Apron", "The Wind that shakes the Barley" and "Toss the Feathers" are all reels.
Hornpipes
The Hornpipe is the slowest dance allowing the most complicated dance steps to be used. Many set dances are Hornpipes. It is characterised by the dotted rhythm, triplets and 3 strong quarter notes in the last bar of each section. Other dances related to hornpipes include Barndances, Schottishes and Highlands. "Harvest Home" and "King of the Fairies" are examples of Hornpipes.
Polkas
The Polka is a dance associated with the set dances of the Sliabh Luachra area of West Munster. It is in 2/4 time and the tempo is very fast. "Britches full of Stiches" and "Denis Murphy's Polka" are Polkas.

The structure of Irish music is usually simple. In the past, most tunes consisted of 2 x 8-bar phrases, called Parts, which are usually repeated. These 8-bar parts can be further sub-divided into 2 x 4-bar sub phrases which are often quite similar. A typical form therefore is AABB which is usually repeated for the length of the dance. More recently developed tunes commonly have 3 or even 4 parts.
Some of my audio sources for this music are The Clancy Brothers, The Chieftains, Eugene O'Donnell, Mick Maloney and The Boys of the Lough, all of whom have made excellent recordings of traditional material.

The most used printed sources in my library include:
      Cole's One Thousand Fiddle Tunes
      Patrick Galvin's Irish Songs of Resistance
      Miles Krassen's edition of O'Neill's Music of Ireland
      John Loesburg's An Irish Tunebook, part 1 and part 2
      Francis O'Neill's Music of Ireland: 1850 Melodies
      Robin Williamson's English, Welsh, Scottish & Irish Fiddle Tunes