"The Frog Galliard" also known as "Now, o now I needs must part" is an English country dance tune in 3/2 or 6/4 time and G Major. The parts are played AB. The galliard (French: gaillarde; Italian: gagliarda) was a form of Renaissance dance and music popular all over Europe in the 16th century. It is mentioned in dance manuals from England, France, Spain, Germany, and Italy. It is not an improvised dance; but rather, it consists of choreographed patterns of steps, which occupy one or more measures of music. It is an athletic dance, characterized by leaps, jumps, hops and other similar figures. The main feature that defines a galliard step is a large jump, after which the dancer lands with one leg ahead of the other. The galliard was the favorite dance of Elizabeth I who remained athletic well into her fifties when she had the stamina to dance several galliards in a row. This 16th century air appears in Morley's Consort Lessons (1597), Thomas Robinson's New Cithren Lessons (1609), Nederlantsche Gedenck-Clanck (1626) and Stichtelycke Rymen (1647) and a lute MSS in the Cambridge University library. John Dowland (1563-1626) published it as a song "Now, o now I needs must part" in his First Booke of Songes or Ayres of foure partes with Tableture for the Lute (1597) but it was Robinson in his New Cithearen Lessons (1609) who set it as an instrumental version along with other some other of Dowland's songs. It it most often heard today as the melody for Dowland's song. The earliest the tune was published was in 1649 in the Netherlands in a volume called Der Fluyten Lust-Hof (The Flute's Garden of Delights) by Jacob van Eyck (c. 1590-1657), a recorder player, carillonneur of the Utrecht Dom Cathedral and director of all the bells and clock-chimes of the city. He called it "Harte Diefje, Waerom Zoo Stil" (Little Thief of My Heart; Why so Still?). Musicologist William Chappell (1859) notes that several ballads were written to the tune. It was printed in Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Time, vol. 1 (1859).