The Frog Galliard
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Transcription: by Darryl D. Bush
"The Frog Galliard" also known as "Now, o now I needs must part" is an English country dance tune<br> in 3/2 or 6/4 time and G Major. The parts are played AB.<br> The galliard (French: gaillarde; Italian: gagliarda) was a form of Renaissance dance and music<br> popular all over Europe in the 16th century. It is mentioned in dance manuals from England,<br> France, Spain, Germany, and Italy. It is not an improvised dance; but rather, it consists of<br> choreographed patterns of steps, which occupy one or more measures of music. It is an athletic<br> dance, characterized by leaps, jumps, hops and other similar figures. The main feature that<br> defines a galliard step is a large jump, after which the dancer lands with one leg ahead of the<br> other. The galliard was the favorite dance of Elizabeth I who remained athletic well into her<br> fifties when she had the stamina to dance several galliards in a row.<br> This 16th century air appears in Morley's Consort Lessons (1597), Thomas Robinson's New Cithren<br> Lessons (1609), Nederlantsche Gedenck-Clanck (1626) and Stichtelycke Rymen (1647), and a lute<br> MSS in the Cambridge University library.<br> John Dowland (1563-1626) published it as a song "Now, o now I needs must part" in his First Booke<br> of Songes or Ayres of foure partes with Tableture for the Lute (1597) but it was Robinson in his<br> New Cithearen Lessons (1609) who set it as an instrumental version along with other some other of<br> Dowland's songs. It it most often heard today as the melody for Dowland's song.<br> The earliest the tune was published was in 1649 in the Netherlands in a volume called Der Fluyten<br> Lust-Hof (The Flute's Garden of Delights) by Jacob van Eyck (c. 1590-1657), a recorder player,<br> carillonneur of the Utrecht Dom Cathedral and director of all the bells and clock-chimes of the<br> city. He called it "Harte Diefje, Waerom Zoo Stil" (Little Thief of My Heart; Why so Still?).<br> Musicologist William Chappell (1859) notes that several ballads were written to the tune. <br> It was printed in Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Time, vol. 1 (1859).<br> <br> <br> <br>
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